LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Antimalarials – are they effective and safe in rheumatic disease? Focus on the neuropsychiatric side effects
Submission date: 2018-07-20
Acceptance date: 2018-09-13
Online publication date: 2018-10-31
Publication date: 2018-10-31
Reumatologia 2018;56(5):333-334
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Neuropsychiatric manifestations are uncommon adverse events in patients with rheumatic diseases, when treated with chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).
This possibility is related to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier ; in the brain, they have a tissue concentration up to10-20 times higher than the plasmatic one.
A great variety of neuropsychiatric side effects was referred to CQ/HCQ; in some cases, they caused the patient' s hospitalization or death.
Personal previous psychiatric symptoms, family history, female gender, alcohol intake, co-exposure with some drugs ( including low doses of glucocorticoids) , a dose >6.5 for HCQ and >3 mg/kg/day for CQ, are the most important risk factors.
No difference between older and younger patients was found but polypharmacology and age-related renal impairment, can increase the risk in older ones.
Differential diagnosis between pharmacological side effects and neuropsychiatric manifestations of the rheumatic disease is mandatory.
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Copyright: © Narodowy Instytut Geriatrii, Reumatologii i Rehabilitacji w Warszawie. This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
| eISSN: | 2084-9834 |
| ISSN: | 0034-6233 |
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