Our body is equipped with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessing unique regenerative and immunoregulatory properties. These cells can be easily isolated from different tissues and safely transplanted. MSCs-based therapy is beneficial in some pathological conditions. However, before expanding clinical application of MSCs to systemic RD several points should be clarified, e.g. it is critical to understand more deeply physiological function of MSCs, standardization of MSCs culture and expansion in vitro is required, the contribution of MSCs to pathology of particular disease and its subtype should be explored, the ideal MSCs source, the optimal dose, frequency and route of MSCs administration should be selected.