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PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Infrared thermography for the diagnosis and monitoring of Raynaud’s phenomenon: current evidence and future directions
1
Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
4
Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Data nadesłania: 03-06-2025
Data ostatniej rewizji: 10-08-2025
Data akceptacji: 02-10-2025
Data publikacji online: 05-12-2025
Autor do korespondencji
Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur
Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015 Karnataka, India
Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015 Karnataka, India
Reumatologia 2025;63(6):416-425
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
Raynaud’s phenomenoninfrared thermographyprimary Raynaud’ssecondary Raynaud’ssystemic sclerosiscold provocation testvascular imagingdistal-dorsal difference
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder classified into primary (PRP) and secondary (SRP) forms. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive imaging technique assessing skin surface temperature, has emerged as a valuable tool in evaluating microvascular dysfunction in RP. This review analyzed literature from 2010 to 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using key words including “Raynaud’s phenomenon,” “infrared thermography,” and “cold provocation test.” Studies focusing on diagnostic accuracy, differentiation of PRP from SRP, and monitoring treatment response were included. Infrared thermography demonstrates strong sensitivity and specificity, especially through parameters such as distal-dorsal temperature difference and rewarming kinetics. It offers a comfortable, reproducible alternative to traditional methods such as the finger systolic pressure test. However, lack of standardized imaging protocols and equipment variability limit its widespread use. Advancements in device calibration, artificial intelligence integration, and protocol harmonization could enhance IRT’s clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring RP.
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