In this study we investigate the relationship between the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPM) in patients with juvenile lupus erythematosus (JSLE). Among 102 patients with JSLE in 37 of them (36.2%) neuropsychiatric manifestations were observed. In that group in 20 patients (54%) elevated levels of aCL (>5 SD) were found. Antiphospholipid syndrome was recognized in 3 cases. The activity, clinical picture of NPM of JSLE were analyzed. A correlation between high levels of aCL and the appearance of NPM was shown in 12 cases (60%), in 7 children (35%) the increase of aCL levels preceded the neurological signs. In the cases with low levels of aCL, NPM may be a result of other than antibody activity. Nervous system involvement occurred more frequently among patients with elevated levels of aCL. The most frequent was IgG type of aCL.