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Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis: 2026 recommendations of the Polish Society for Rheumatology
1
Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
2
Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, Jozef Strus Hospital in Poznan, Poland
3
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland
4
Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
5
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2026-05-05
Final revision date: 2026-05-28
Acceptance date: 2026-06-10
Online publication date: 2026-06-17
Corresponding author
Cezary Iwaszkiewicz
Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, Jozef Strus Hospital in Poznan, 3 Szwajcarska St., 61-285 Poznan, Poland
Department of Rheumatology, Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and Immunotherapy of Rheumatic Diseases, Jozef Strus Hospital in Poznan, 3 Szwajcarska St., 61-285 Poznan, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This publication presents the official recommendations of the Polish Society for Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. A panel of 6 experienced rheumatologists developed the document using an evidence-informed consensus process incorporating current evidence, clinical experience and the Polish healthcare context. Unanimous agreement was reached on all recommendations. The diagnostic section outlines the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis in different patient groups and defines, for the first time, the role of radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry in clinical practice. The therapeutic section provides guidance on the optimal use of anti-osteoporotic drugs, including sequential therapy, and highlights the benefits of initiating treatment with an anabolic agent in patients at very high fracture risk. The document also addresses prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteoporosis in premenopausal women, and diagnosis and treatment in the paediatric population. These recommendations are intended to support early diagnosis and effective management of osteoporosis in Poland.
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