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REVIEW PAPER
New aspects of spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Part II – environmental factors, microbiome disturbances, extra-articular symptoms
Submission date: 2014-04-03
Acceptance date: 2014-05-26
Online publication date: 2014-07-31
Publication date: 2014-06-30
Reumatologia 2014;52(3):172-180
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Cytokines, Inflammatory mediators and adaptive immunity in rheumatic diseasesSpondyloarthropaties - aetiology, pathogenesis clinical features and treatment
ABSTRACT
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases with overlapping clinical features, which also share a genetic background. Bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract are the most important environmental factors associated with SpA development. Recent data show that intracellular bacteria may spread the infection to other anatomical locations. In patients suffering from SpA, extra-articular manifestations, especially intestinal inflammation, are common. Recent progress in understanding the role of intestinal microbiota in gut homeostasis and accumulating data showing the implication of microbiome disruption in the development of various diseases also shed more light on SpA pathogenesis. It is proposed that SpA may originate from the relocation to the joints of the immune response induced primarily in the gut. The intestinal dysbiosis caused by genetic and environmental factors is the most likely cause of SpA-associated gut inflammation.
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Copyright: © Narodowy Instytut Geriatrii, Reumatologii i Rehabilitacji w Warszawie. This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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