PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Reumatologia naczyniowa: miażdżyca i choroby układu krążenia w zapaleniu stawów
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Data publikacji online: 07-09-2012
Reumatologia 2012;50(4):336-344
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Zapalenia stawów są związane z przyspieszoną miażdżycą i zwiększonym ryzykiem chorób naczyń. Tradycyjne czynniki ryzyka oraz rola ogólnoustrojowego zapalenia aktywującego cytokiny, chemokiny, proteazy, autoprzeciwciała, cząsteczki adhezyjne i inne biorą udział w rozwoju chorób naczyniowych. Przyspieszoną miażdżycę oraz wzrost zachorowalności i umieralności z powodu chorób serca oraz chorób krążenia mózgowego zaobserwowano w reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów (RZS) oraz w spondyloartropatiach (SpA).
Dysfunkcję śródbłonka, jawną miażdżycę oraz sztywność naczyń można wykazać odpowiednio w badaniu wazodylatacji zależnej od przepływu (flow-mediated vasodilation – FMD) w tętnicy ramiennej, w badaniu grubości kompleksu błony środkowej i wewnętrznej ściany tętnicy szyjnej wspólnej (common carotid intima-media thickness – ccIMT) oraz w badaniu prędkości fali tętna (aortic pulse-wave velocity – PWV). Nieprawidłowości te opisano w większości zapalnych chorób reumatycznych o podłożu immunologicznym. Sztywność i ccIMT są względnie stabilne, natomiast na FMD mogą wpływać inne czynniki.
Oprócz tradycyjnego działania wazoprotekcyjnego leki immunosupresyjne, w tym kortykosteroidy, tradycyjne i biologiczne leki modyfikujące przebieg choroby (LMPCh), mogą w sposób istotny wpływać na układ naczyniowy i efekty metaboliczne. Opublikowano oficjalne rekomendacje EULAR, dotyczące oceny i postępowania w chorobach układu krążenia, towarzyszących zapaleniom stawów.
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